Scene Break vs. Chapter Break: How Do You Know?

Photo credit: erink_photography on Flickr
Once upon a time someone asked me about scene breaks and chapter breaks and it took me forever to write this post because…well, I wasn’t really sure where to start. 

Scene breaks and chapter breaks are two sides of the same coin—they’re both used to end or pause a scene, whether temporarily for dramatic effect or to switch POVs, or to move on to a new scene. The execution itself is similar: a line to end/pause the scene and some kind of symbol and spacing to represent the actual break from the scene.

But despite those similarities, scene breaks and chapter breaks are used to accomplish fairly different effects.

I like to think of scene breaks as soft breaks—they’re a pause within a chapter to end one scene and flow into the next without ending the chapter. These are mostly used when you’re not ready to end the chapter, whether for POV reasons (say, in a dual-POV novel) or because the end of the scene isn’t quite dramatic enough, or whatever other reason.

Chapter breaks, on the other hand, are hard breaks, because they tend to be spots that readers are more likely to take a break from reading (though your goal is to make them not want to). Sometimes they end a scene, sometimes they stop part-way through a scene at a point that’s shocking, some sort of mini-cliffhanger, or resonates or is dramatic for some other reason. I’ve already posted about making the most of your chapter endings, so I won’t go into that here, but the idea is to end on a note that makes your reader want to read more.

For me, how I decide between scene breaks and chapter breaks varies slightly depending on the WIP. For a dual-POV MS, I tend to use more scene breaks because I like to switch POVs with chapter breaks rather than scene breaks, so if the next scene is in the same character’s POV, I need a really good reason to end the chapter. Then again, if that particular MS has shorter chapters, I’ll be more inclined to use a chapter break rather than a scene break. For a single POV MS, I try to reserve chapter breaks for particularly dramatic/intense/haunting moments, and I use scene breaks when I want one scene to flow easily into another.

In the end, whether you use a scene or chapter break will be entirely up to what feels right to you for that particular scene in that particular manuscript. But it helps to keep in mind what you’re trying to accomplish when deciding between the two.

So that’s how I decide between scene and chapter breaks—now I want to hear from you. How do you decide between the two?

Twitter-sized bites: 
Writer @Ava_Jae calls scene breaks “soft breaks” & chapter breaks “hard breaks.” What do you think? (Click to tweet)  
Should you use a scene break or chapter break for that scene? Writer @Ava_Jae breaks it down. (Click to tweet)

So You Want to Write YA Sci-Fi?

Photo credit: Alex Abian on Flickr
NOTE: Today I'm guest posting at the wonderful Writer Diaries blog where I'm discussing how to prepare for The Call! Definitely check it out and say hi! :)

What is it? 

Space ships, aliens, inter-planetary travel, time travel, alternate universes, robots, futuristic technology…the list goes on.

The realm of Sci-Fi is enormous—there are so many possibilities and sub genres (Space Opera! Dystopia! Apocalyptic!) and the possibilities are pretty near endless. What often gets confusing, however, is the line between Sci-Fi and Fantasy. The way I see it, if the elements and events are remotely possible and grounded in science (rather than magic & mythical creatures), then it’s Sci-Fi.

Pros/Cons of Writing YA Sci-Fi: 

Pros: 

  • Loads of variety. Like I mentioned above, there’s just as much variety in Sci-Fi as there is in Fantasy or anywhere else. Aliens, robots, spaceships and time-traveling men in blue police boxes only just scratch the surface. 

  • Imagine the possibilities. One of the many cool things about Sci-Fi is technically, the stories could actually happen. Because they’re grounded in reality and science, many Sci-Fi stories, hypothetically, could happen in the future (and many older Sci-Fi stories have technology that didn’t exist then, but exists today, which I think is awesome). 

  • They’re often action-packed. From space battles to wars to end-of-the-world scenarios, YA Sci-Fi novels are rarely boring. 

Cons: 

  • Sexism. This is a rather ugly truth, and thankfully things are changing, but sadly there are people out there who won’t pick up a Sci-Fi novel written by a woman. (There are also people out there who won’t pick up any novel written by a woman, but I digress). It’s something I hope, if you’re a female Sci-Fi writer, you never encounter, but the truth is, it’s still out there. 

  • Tough world building. Like YA High Fantasy, there’s a lot of massive world building necessary to really make your YA Sci-Fi novel shine. But world building is fun (at least, to me), and while it’s difficult, it’s pretty incredible to see what you come up with when you push yourself (or have others push you). 

Recommended Reading: 

I’ll continue to repeat that reading in the genre you’re writing isn’t optional. But the good news is there are plenty of awesome books to enjoy.

Note: While I haven’t read all of these, the ones I haven’t read I either want to read, have heard good things about, or were rating highly on Goodreads (or all three).


For more, check out Goodreads’ Science Fiction shelf, with breakdowns for each category (aliens, apocalyptic, cyberpunk, robots, space opera, etc.) and YA Science Fiction shelf.

Helpful Links: 

Do you enjoy reading or writing YA Sci-Fi? Share your experience! 

Twitter-sized bites: 
Thinking about writing YA Sci-Fi? Writer @Ava_Jae shares some tips, recommendations and more. (Click to tweet)  
Do you write YA Sci-Fi? Share your experience at @Ava_Jae’s So You Want to Write series. (Click to tweet

3rd Blogoversary Giveaway Winners!

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Short post today because RT is next week and I still have wayyyy too much to do. Yay!

I know you're all very excited to see who the winners of Monday's giveaway. I want to thank you all for entering and sharing and being awesome, as usual. You're all amazing!

Without further ado, here are our winners:

  • Winner of the query critique with up to three passes and up to five Twitter pitches critique package from Rae Chang is Farida Mestek
  • Winner of the query, synopsis and first chapter critique package from Vicki Leigh is Jayme Hunt
  • Winner of the query and first twenty-five page critique package from Naomi Hughes goes to Gina (with a MG Adventure)
  • Winner of the first fifty page critique from Alice goes to Katie Bucklein!
  • Winner of the query and first three chapter critique package from Cait Spivey goes to Braden Russell
  • And finally, the winner of the full reader report, also from Cait, goes to Madeline (with a NA SF Thriller)

Congratulations, winners! You'll be getting e-mails today with further instructions, so check your inboxes! And to everyone else, there will be more giveaways in the future. :)

Yay!

7 Signs You Should Cut Your Prologue

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Those of you who follow me on Twitter may or may not have seen this last week:

Ah, the joy of the prologue debate.

The thing is, I’ve been finding more often than not, people need their prologues much less than they think they do. And it’s understandable—I mean, it’s tough to be able to look at your work objectively and decide what scenes you need and don’t need, and it can be even tougher when you’re talking about the opening of your book.

So without further ado, I thought I’d share seven signs that you may want to consider cutting your prologue.

  1. Your prologue is your main character’s birth. Listen, I know people say to start where you story starts, but we don’t mean literally. I can’t think of a time when I read a prologue recounting the protagonist’s birth that I didn’t think it wasn’t unnecessary. I promise you, we don’t need to know the details of your protagonist’s birth. We really, really don’t.

    Also, in the spirit of full disclosure, I did this with my first manuscript. And it wasn’t necessary then, either (I just didn’t know it at the time).

  2. Your prologue is all (or mostly) exposition. Nope. Don’t start your book with exposition. Why? Because you’re telling. And if you start your book off with a load of telling, then readers are immediately going to think the rest of your manuscript has tons of telling. Not only that, but exposition tends to be a really slow way to start a book and not an incredibly effective hook.

    I understand that you want to get information across—you should! But there are way more effective ways to get information across than with an expository opening. Consider sprinkling that information throughout your prose, instead—not only will it help you avoid the evils of info-dumping, but it’ll be much more interesting to read.

  3. Your prologue features not your main character. I’m not saying this never works—in fact, I’ve seen it work. However, this can be a very confusing way to open a book.

    Think about it—a reader who opens up your book, knowing little to nothing about it, is going to read the first few pages and think that the character it’s focused on is, indeed, your protagonist. When they finish the prologue and learn that the character is in fact not your protagonist, it can be a little jarring. Very jarring, if we’re being honest.

  4. Your prologue isn’t directly related to your main character. If it isn’t clear how the events that unfold in your prologue affect your main character (and thus the main plot), then your prologue is going to not only be confusing, but most will consider it unnecessary (and so should you).

  5. Your prologue is a false start. I’ve seen prologues that are full of action and mystery and intrigue…and then the first chapter is incredibly slow and has little to do with the prologue. Don’t do this.

    The reason you want to avoid false starts is it doesn’t accomplish what you think it does—sure, it might get people reading through the prologue, but once they reach the first chapter they’ll realize that the prologue was really just a bait-and-switch hook.

    I get that you want to start with an interesting hook, and you should start with an interesting hook. But the answer isn’t through a super exciting and mostly unrelated prologue–the answer is to look at your real opening (that is, your first chapter) and figuring out whether you’re starting in the right place and how to include your hook in that opening scene.

  6. Your prologue features your antagonist doing something super evil. I’m not saying this never works, but it’s so painfully overdone, especially in fantasy novels. For me, they don’t give the dramatic effect they may have when this trope first started—now I just tend to roll my eyes and think thoughts that rhyme with “melodramatic.” And that’s not how you want people reacting to your opening.

    And again, full disclosure, my first ever manuscript's prologue did this, too...yes it committed two grave sins.

  7. You’re not sure whether or not to include your prologue when querying or submitting. So this isn’t something you’ll see in your manuscript—this is actually your subconscious letting you know you don’t need your prologue.

    If your book doesn’t absolutely 100% need the prologue to be understood, then you don’t need it. Period. Which means if you’re even considering sending your query off without your prologue, then your inner writer is tapping you on the shoulder and letting you know it’s time to get the scissors.
What signs can you think of to add to the list?

Twitter-sized bites:
Do you need your prologue? Editorial intern @Ava_Jae shares 7 signs you may want to cut it. (Click to tweet
Do you have a prologue in your MS? Writer @Ava_Jae shares 7 signs that you might not need it. (Click to tweet)

3-Year Blogoversary Surprise: This Is Me

Welp, here we go. This is actually the most terrifying post I've uploaded yet. Yay!

Today is Writability's official third birthday! And to celebrate, I decided to do something super special, because it's something I never would have been able to do three years ago.

But now I can. And it still scares me a little. But I've decided to say hi. For real. In person.

Well. On YouTube, anyway.

So for all of you wondering who's behind the book stack, here you go.

This is me.


Oh, and also I redesigned the blog.

And also you have two days left to win awesome critiquerly prizes here.

3-Year Blogoversary Giveaway!

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Three years! Wow. It’s hard to believe it’s been so long since I first started this blog. Writability’s had some pretty awesome milestones along the way and I’ve had so much fun running this blog. And will continue to do so. :)

In honor of Writability’s third birthday, there are going to be some fun things this week! Happy fun things. And I can’t wait to share them with you guys, and that’s all I’m going to say about that.

Well, maybe one more hint: tomorrow is Writability’s actual birthday. I don’t usually post on Tuesdays but you maaaaayyy want to stop by. Just saying.

As for today, I’m kicking off Writability’s birthday week with a giveaway! A bunch of giveaways, actually, because some very lovely ladies oh so graciously agreed to participate. Yay!

Up for grabs this week is a reader report on a full manuscript, a first 50 page critique, a query + 25 page critique, a query + first three chapters critique, a query + synopsis + 1st chapter submission package critique AND a query + Twitter pitch critique package!

That’s right—SIX prizes! All full of critiquerly goodness!

And here are our awesome donors!

Rae Chang

Rae Chang is the assistant to Brenda Drake (the reigning queen of online pitch contests) as well as an editor and YA/NA writer. When not writing and editing, you can find her lightsaber dueling her husband, creating culinary masterpieces in the kitchen, composing the soundtracks to her novels, speaking at high schools as a youth mentor, and being a kick-butt outreach coordinator at a women's shelter.

Follower her on Twitter!
Read her blog!

Rae is giving away 3 passes on a query and up to 5 Twitter pitch critique package!

Restrictions: No PB, Comedy, Erotica, Political books, category Romance or Westerns. If MG, only upper MG.

a Rafflecopter giveaway

Vicki Leigh

Vicki is an editor for Curiosity Quills Press, a co-founder of The Writer Diaries, and is represented by Sarah Negovetich of Corvisiero Literary Agency. If she couldn’t be a writer, Vicki would be a Hunter (think Dean and Sam Winchester) or a Jedi. Her favorite place on earth is Hogwarts (she refuses to believe it doesn’t exist), and her favorite dreams include solving cases alongside Sherlock Holmes. Her YA debut, CATCH ME WHEN I FALL, releases October 23, 2014.

Google+: www.google.com/+vickileighwrites

Vicki is giving away a query, synopsis AND first chapter submission package critique!


a Rafflecopter giveaway

Naomi Hughes

Naomi is a freelance editor and an agented writer of quirky middle-grade/young adult novels (most of which involve unicorns). She lives in Oklahoma with her husband, daughter, and a hyperactive Border Collie named after a Last Airbender character. You can find out more about her at www.naomiedits.com and follow her on Twitter.

Naomi is giving away a query plus first 25 page critique package!

Restrictions: NO horror or erotica.

a Rafflecopter giveaway


Alice

Alice is the psudonym of a girl who writes weird fiction for smart
people. She grew up in London, in a flat that overlooks a park. She speaks a few languages, and studied linguistic philosophy at uni. She was once stranded on a train to Victoria without paper and wrote a short story on her ticket.

She's represented by Rubin Pfeffer Content, and will be in Austin, Texas until autumn--after which she, her Boy Thing, three cats, some antique guitars and typewriters, and enough books to bury them all in will make their way back to Europe.

Twitter: @notveryalice

Alice is giving away a first 50 page critique!

Restrictions: Adult fiction or YA/NA speculative preferred.


a Rafflecopter giveaway

Cait Spivey

Cait Spivey is an author and freelance editor, on staff for Curiosity Quills Press and REUTS Publications, as well as a managing member of Bear and Black Dog Editing, LLC. As an editor, Cait pulls from her lifelong experience loving books to bring forth the best elements of every story in a way that grabs the reader and doesn’t let go. She wants to help books tug heartstrings. She wants to help books become heirlooms. She wants to help books get quoted on Tumblr. Follow her on Twitter @CaitSpivey

Cait is graciously giving away TWO prizes: a query plus first three chapters critique package AND a reader report on a full!

Restrictions: Spec fic and His fic ONLY. NO Contemporary.


a Rafflecopter giveaway

Go forth and enter! And good luck!

Twitter-sized bite: 
Come celebrate Writability's 3rd birthday by entering to win six fabulous critiquerly prizes! (Click to tweet)

Query & Pitch Tip: DETAILS

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So while I no longer enter pitch contests and things of the like, I do enjoy browsing through them when I have the free time. And oftentimes, when I do, I’m reminded of a very important tip some very wise writers and publishing people have shared regarding your pitch. 

Thou shalt include specific details.

Details are ridiculously important when you write a pitch, whether it’s a query-length pitch, or a Twitter-length pitch. Why? Because without them, your story starts to sound really general and, I hate to say it, unremarkable.

The thing is, without details specific to your novel, we don’t know what makes your manuscript stand out from the rest. We don’t know what’s unique to your story, what makes your book special—and if you want to snag some interest in your manuscript, you need to make that unequivocally clear.

Here are two examples of the difference between a generalized summary and a detailed one.

Throne of Glass by Sarah J. Mass
Generalized summary: An eighteen-year-old fights for her freedom in a competition that will choose a new royal mercenary. 
The actual summary: “After she has served a year of hard labor in the salt mines of Endovier for her crimes, Crown Prince Dorian offers eighteen-year-old assassin Celaena Sardothien her freedom on the condition that she act as his champion in a competition to find a new royal assassin.”  
I bolded some of the parts that are most specific to the novel—the details that really make the second (and actual) summary stand out from the generalized version. The details here really give us a sense of the world in Throne of Glass as well as hinting at some of the underlying tension between the crown prince and our protagonist. 
The Coldest Girl in Coldtown by Holly Black
Generalized summary: Worried that she will Turn after surviving a vampire attack, seventeen-year-old Tana heads to a quarantine zone to protect people from herself.  
Actual summary: “When seventeen-year-old Tana wakes up following a party in the aftermath of a violent vampire attack, she travels to Coldtown, a quarantined Massachusetts city full of vampires, with her ex-boyfriend and a mysterious vampire boy in tow.” 
The details here tell us more about the actual attack, give us a great sense of the world that Tana lives in and hints as massive tension between Tana, her ex, and this mysterious vampire boy. 
I could go on, but I think these two really illustrate my point.

Your query or pitch shouldn’t just summarize your book—it should summarize it in a way that highlights what makes it unique, because it’s those unique points that’ll really grab someone’s attention when looking through a flood of pitches.

Do you have details specific to your manuscript in your pitch or query?

Twitter-sized bites: 
“Your query or pitch shouldn’t JUST summarize your book…” (Click to tweet)  
Do you have details specific to your MS in your pitch? Writer @Ava_Jae discusses why it’s so vital. (Click to tweet)
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